Abstract
In today’s scenario, numerous studies have shown a great interest on 3D woven structures like 3D warp interlock fabric as a fibre reinforcement for composite material to provide a better impact than 2D laminated fabrics with unlinked structures in the thickness. The impact energy absorption capacity depends on different and independent parameters, including the shape and speed of the projectile, the type of fibrous structure (geometry), the type and nature of the threads (raw material, linear density, and twisting value), and the type of impregnation of the composite material. As part of our research work on hard impact protection solutions, the interest of textile composite structures, in particular those integrating 3D warp interlock fabrics, has been revealed. Based on the result, protection solutions with such fabric structure revealed larger dynamic deformation capacity for absorbing the impact energy as compared with not only a ceramic material facing a 12.7 mm ammunition (mass 43 g) at 610 m/s but also those solutions made with metallic materials facing a FSP (diameter 20 mm, mass 54 g) at 630 m/s and 1600 m/s. For each of these different threats, a specific type of composite material has to be used. These composite material solutions are mainly defined to respond to the appropriate mode of impact behaviour.
Highlights
Numerous research studies have been carried out in the field of modelling and simulation of forming 3D warp interlock fabrics [1,2,3,4,5], as well as in the field of the characterization of geometrical and mechanical properties [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
Taking into account all these main advantages and drawbacks of the 3D warp interlock fabrics, we have highlighted their interesting properties against impact and especially 12.7 mm ammunition [83, 84] and fragment simulating projectile (FSP) at different velocities [34, 35]
Laminated structures, used as a backing solution of a high-resistance ceramic material in order to absorb the impact energy of a high-speed fragment (FSP) projectile, have been proposed by Hazell and Appleby- omas [85] and by Appleby- omas and Hazell [86]. They recommended paying particular attention to laminated structures bound in thickness whose impact behaviour can provide significant responses in terms of resistance to delamination. us, as part of our research [87,88,89,90,91,92], we used a 3D warp interlock fabric, as a fibrous reinforcement [93,94,95] to form successive layers of thermoplastic composite material and to substitute them for unidirectional laminates based on high modulus polyethylene films. is solution has been successively patented [83, 84]
Summary
Numerous research studies have been carried out in the field of modelling and simulation of forming 3D warp interlock fabrics [1,2,3,4,5], as well as in the field of the characterization of geometrical and mechanical properties [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Detailed experimental observations on 3D woven composites have indicated that the fabric geometry plays a dominant role on their mechanical properties and associated failure mechanisms [22] Based on these observations, one of the most interesting characteristics of 3D warp interlock fabrics remains the modularity of their. A targeted bibliographic analysis complemented by our research [8, 15, 16, 34, 35] allowed us to cross check and confirm the results obtained on the mechanical properties of the 3D warp interlock fabrics Due to their specific consolidation mode in the thickness, these structures have interesting mechanical properties [37].
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