New Species of Pentacalia (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

Abstract

Twelve new species of Pentacalia are described from Ecuador: P. carmelana, P. cazaletii, P. dodsonii, P. dorrii, P. hurtadoi, P. luteynorum, P. moronensis, P. napoensis, P. pailasensis, P. palaciosii, P. zakii, P. zamorana; nine new species are described from Peru: P. balsasana, P. cutervonis, P. davidsmithii, P. maynasensis, P. mucronatifolia, P. nunezii, P. sagasteguii, P. tillettii, and P. todziae; and two new species are described from Bolivia: P. inquisitviensis and P. lewisii. Gynoxys vargasiana Cabrera of Peru is transferred to Pentacalia. Keys are provided for the species of Pentacalia subg. Pentacalia in Ecuador and Peru. Over a period of years since the resurrection of the genus Pentacalia Cassini (Robinson & Cuatrecasas, 1978; Cuatrecasas, 1981; Robinson in Proctor, 1982), a number of undescribed species, mostly of the subgenus Pentacalia, have been set aside awaiting review. Progress on a study of Pentacalia in Colombia by Diaz-Piedrahita and Cuatrecasas (in prep.) has furnished a basis for comparison with unidentified specimens. The opportunity has been taken to describe twelve new Ecuadorian species, nine new Peruvian species, and two new Bolivian species. The large number of undescribed species is one indication of the generally inadequate treatment of Asteraceae of the tropical forests. As seen in Cuatrecasas (1981), there have been 13 species of subgenus Pentacalia claimed from Ecuador, to which should be added P. fioribunda, which was listed under subgenus Microchaete. In addition to the new species, in our review of Pentacalia subg. Pentacalia in Ecuador we have encountered recent collections of some other rarely collected Ecuadorian species: P. andrei (Greenman) J. Cuatrecasas, Zamora-Chinchipe, limit of Parque Nacional Podocarpus, around pass on road LojaZamora, alt. 2,750-2,950 m, 25 Dec. 1988, Madsen & Ellemann 75982 (AAU, QCA, US). Pentacalia corazonensis (Hieronymus) J. Cuatrecasas, Cotopaxi: Quevedo-Latacunga road, Paramos de Zumbagua, 19 km E of Pilalo and 78 km W of NOVON 3: 284-301. 1993. Latacunga, elev. 3,536 m, 25 Dec. 1978, Luteyn & Luteyn 6510 (NY, MO); Loja: road to Zamora from Loja, km 12-14, near top of pass, elev. 2,800 m, 28 Sep. 1961, Dodson & Thien 779 (US). Pentacalia lanceolifolia (J. Cuatrecasas) J. Cuatrecasas, Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo, 2,500-3,400 m, 30-31 Oct. 1989, Madsen 86250 (AAU, QCA, US). Pentacalia millei (Greenman) J. Cuatrecasas, Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 2,750-2,850 m, 4 May 1984, 011gaard, Madsen & Christensen 71195 (AAU, QCA, US); Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, E of Nudo de Cajanuma, trail E of Centro de Informacion to crest on trail to Laguna de Compadre, 2,8503,050 m, 7 June 1988, 0llgaard 74631 (AAU, QCA); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, new road LojaZamora, E of Cerro Yanococha, along former Indian trail to Zamora, 2,550-2,650 m, 26 Nov. 1988, Mladsen 75586 (AAU, QCA); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, road Yangana-Valladolid, km 21, alt. 2,700 m, 10 Nov. 1989, Madsen 86403 (AAU, QCA). Pentacalia sevillana (J. Cuatrecasas) J. Cuatrecasas, Loja: 7 km N of San Lucas on road to Loja, elev. 8,800 ft., 27 Jan. 1979, R. M. King & F. Almeda 7841 (US). Cuatrecasas (1981) listed 20 members of Pentacalia subg. Pentacalia in Peru. Nineteen of these species are treated by Cabrera (1954) in the key to scandent Senecio species of Peru and Bolivia. Nine new Peruvian species of Pentacalia subg. Pentacalia are described here, and a new key is provided. In addition, the primarily Ecuadorian P. disciformis (Hieronymus) J. Cuatrecasas has been seen from northern Peru: Piura, Cerro Aypate, 49 km E of Ayabaca, 2,750 m, 22 Sep. 1991, Gentry, Diaz & Ortiz 7471 (MO, US). The species occurring in Bolivia are also treated in the key by Cabrera (1985). Eighteen species were included, many of which also occur in Peru. Two new Bolivian species are described here with reference to their placement in the Cabrera key. In the following descriptions the height of the heads is measured from the top of the peduncle to the tips of the disk corollas. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.209 on Sat, 14 May 2016 04:53:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 3, Number 3 1993 Robinson & Cuatrecasas New species of Pentacalia A NEW SPECIES OF PENTACALIA (SUBG. MICROCHAETE) IN ECUADOR Pentacalia (subg. Microchaete) dodsonii H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Zamora: road from Loja to Zamora, elev. 2,800 m, 18 Sep. 1961, Dodson & Thien 676 (holotype, SEL). P. onae et P. scitophyllae simila sed in bracteis involucri paucioribus distincta. Shrub 0.7-1.7 m high, moderately branched; stems dark brown, densely pilose with stout, blunt hairs or nearly glabrous; internodes ca. 1 cm long; pith solid. Leaves alternate; petioles 0.5-1.0 cm long, with few to many short, stout hairs; blades oblong-elliptical, mostly 6-7 cm long, 1.6-3.0 cm wide, base short-acute, margins closely serrate, apex shortly and sometimes narrowly acuminate, both surfaces with network of veinlets raised slightly above surface, irregularly pilose to nearly glabrous, lower surface paler green, with 7 or 8 prominent, strongly ascending secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences terminal on leafy branches, broadly corymbose with numerous branches; peduncles 1.22.5 cm long, usually with numerous narrowly subulate bracteoles 2-3 mm long, with 2-4 bracteoles forming calyculus. Heads heterogamous, radiate, 910 mm high; involucral bracts 8, broadly oblong, 4-5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, apex obtuse to shortacute, glabrous; rays 8, corollas yellow, glabrous, basal tube ca. 4.5 mm long, limb large, ca. 10 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Disk florets ca. 17; corollas ca. 6.5 mm long, basal tube ca. 2 mm long, throat ca. 2.5 mm long, lobes ca. 1 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide at base, tips slightly thickened with sclerified shield of many slightly bulging, moderately enlarged cells outside; anther thecae ca. 2 mm long, very shortly pointed at base; backs of style branches with papillae continuing onto upper shaft of style. Achenes ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; pappus bristles mostly ca. 5 mm long with broadened tips of somewhat enlarged fusiform cells. Pollen grains ca. 35 gm diam. The new species resembles the closely related Pentacalia onae (J. Cuatrecasas) J. Cuatrecasas and P. scitophylla (HBK) J. Cuatrecasas in general aspect but differs most obviously in having only ca. 8 bracts in the involucre instead of ca. 13. The backs of the style branches have papillae along their entire length and onto the upper part of the style shaft. The latter papillae are presumably like those of other species of Pentacalia subg. Microchaete, but they are unlike any Pentacalia subg. Pentacalia described below. None of the following species have papillae on the backs of the style branches continued to the base. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Loja: road to Zamora from Loja, km 12-14, elev. 2,800 m, near top of pass, shrub 4-5 ft. high, 28 Sep. 1961, Dodson & Thien 778 (SEL). Loja/Zamora-Chinchipe: limit of Parque Nacional Podocarpus, around pass on road Loja-Zamora, wet elfin forest, scrub-paramo and treeless ridgetop vegetation, 79?07'W, 03?58'S, 2,900 m, 8 Jan. 1989, shrub, Madsen 85480 (AAU). NEW SPECIES OF PENTACALIA (SUBG. PENTACALIA) IN