Abstract
It has been shown that scalar fields can form gravitationally bound compact objects called boson stars. In this study, we analyze boson star configurations where the scalar fields contain a small amount of angular momentum and find two new classes of solutions. In the first case all particles are in the same slowly rotating state, and in the second case the majority of particles are in the nonrotating ground state and a small number of particles are in an excited rotating state. In both cases, we solve the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations that describe the profile of these compact objects both numerically as well as analytically through series expansions.
Highlights
If light bosons, such as axions, form dark matter, it is potentially possible for them to collapse into bound compact objects, which are called boson stars [1,2,3] or axion stars [4,5,6]
Rotating boson star configurations have been studied, but all known solutions have the property that the total angular momentum increases proportionally to the mass of the star (e.g., [24,25,26,27,28,29])
We presented a semianalytic solution to these equations describing the profile of boson stars formed by scalar fields [17,18]
Summary
If light bosons, such as axions, form dark matter, it is potentially possible for them to collapse into bound compact objects, which are called boson stars [1,2,3] or axion stars [4,5,6]. Rotating boson star configurations have been studied, but all known solutions (that we have found in the literature) have the property that the total angular momentum increases proportionally to the mass of the star (e.g., [24,25,26,27,28,29]). We impose that the total angular momentum in the bosons is constrained to be fixed at a small value This produces a state dominated by a spherical component, with a small admixture of a higher harmonic, naturally leading to a star with a small rotation. Note that it is clear that such a solution must exist; for instance, if a single particle is placed in a l 1⁄4 1 harmonic, there is no lower energy state with this angular momentum.
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