Abstract
Water quality may be affected by aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. This contamination can affect the produce of the fields irrigated by untreated water. Therefore, it is necessary to add a treatment process in irrigation systems. In this paper, an architecture, communication protocol, and a data analysis algorithm for a wastewater treatment system intended for irrigation are presented. Our system includes a smart group-based wireless sensor network that is able to detect high salinity levels and pollution stains, such as oil spills. When contamination is detected, the water is led into auxiliary canals that perform the biosorption process to treat the water and dump it back into the main canal. Simulations were performed to assess the amount of data stored on the secure digital (SD) card, the consumed bandwidth, and the energy consumption of our proposal. The results show the system has a low bandwidth consumption with a maximum of 2.58 kbps for the setting of two daily data transmissions of the node in the last auxiliary canal. Furthermore, it can sustain the energy consumption in adverse conditions, where the node with the highest energy consumption reaches the lowest energy value of 12,320 mW/h.
Highlights
As a great part of agricultural produce is intended for human consumption, the quality of the water utilized for irrigation is essential
The nodes can be provided with long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) connectivity by employing the module F8L10D-N [13] which transmits in the 868 Mhz band
Produce can be affected by the quality of the irrigation water and, affect the people that consume it
Summary
As a great part of agricultural produce is intended for human consumption, the quality of the water utilized for irrigation is essential. Water quality may be affected by many aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. UNESCO estimates the amount of contaminated water on the planet as 12,000 km3 [1]. Poorer regions of the planet are the most affected by contaminated water. Contaminated water is able to cause numerous health problems in the population. The WHO estimates the number of deaths caused by contaminated water consumption to be 842,000 [2]. It is estimated that there are 200,000 deaths per year due to pesticide consumption, with nearly 3 million people poisoned per year [3]. It is imperative to assure irrigation water is treated correctly so as to reduce water pollution as much as possible
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