Abstract
Identifying the fate of agrochemicals is important to understand their potential risk for living organisms. We report here new photodegradation products (PPs) of the fungicide fluopyram. The PPs were produced by irradiating a fluopyram standard in 0.1% acetonitrile aqueous media by a 150-W medium pressure Hg-lamp that emits wavelengths between 200–280 nm. The structural elucidation of PPs was achieved by combining the retention time, isotopic pattern, targeted fragmentation, and accurate mass measurements using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high resolution-MS (HRMS). In addition to previously known PPs, seven new PPs of fluopyram were identified in this work: mainly dihydroxyl and hydroxylimide fluopyram as well as mono, di, and trihydroxyl lactam. Additionally, two PPs were found to be formed by rearrangement after the loss of H2C=CH2. Hence, the results of the work contribute to extending the current knowledge regarding the photoinduced fate of agrochemicals, and fluopyram in particular.
Highlights
Pesticide residues such as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides are major threats to food safety and consumers’ health
We report here new photodegradation products (PPs) of FLP in aqueous media by direct photolysis using a medium pressure mercury lamp that emits UV-C light
Structural elucidation was performed by combining the information obtained from LC-MS/MS and high resolution-MS (HRMS)
Summary
Pesticide residues such as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides are major threats to food safety and consumers’ health They are able to enter living organisms either by direct contact (inhalation, or dermal) or indirectly through food webs [1]. The latter is the major exposome pathway [2]. Multiple stresses in biota or environmental compartments enhance the transformation of the parent residue to a new product, which might be more toxic than the parent compound [6,7] Depending on their physicochemical properties, some of these residues might persist for several years, bioaccumulate in living organisms, or cause immediate fatal damages to the overall ecosystem [8,9,10].
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