Abstract
Abstract Extract In the Russian pre-revolutionary historiography and among Western European historians, the view was held that the reforms of Peter I had been the manifestations of the sovereign will of a powerful monarch who had arbitrarily introduced profound changes into the life of his enormous country. By contrast, Soviet historians showed, in much of their research work, that the reforms conducted by Peter I had been prepared by the whole course of social, economic, and political developments in the preceding century, and reflected the ripened needs of the country and its people. Both the coming of Russia to the Baltic Sea shores and the founding of St. Petersburg, the first Russian seaport on the Baltic, and its becoming the principal commercial port of the country, were prepared by the whole course of the preceding development of the Russian Baltic trade, reflecting its ripened and very urgent needs.1
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