Abstract
The genus Penicillium contains over 480 species of fungi, and their initial identification is predominantly based on their macroscopic colony morphologies and light microscopic characteristics (1–3). Despite the introduction of modern molecular methods such as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and the use of other gene sequences such as β-tubulin (BenA) and calmodulin (CaM), Penicillium species are not easily identified. Mycologists have known for years that there are many inaccurate labels in GenBank for the genus Penicillium and other fungal groups (4). In 2020, Houbraken et al. suggested that more diagnostic loci, such as Cct8, large subunit (LSU), RPB1, RPB2, small subunit (SSU), and Tsr1, should be included in the classification of Penicillium species (1).
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