New means of providing evacuation in public buildings with mass stay of people

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for widespread implementation of unique compact smoke deposition devices in the practice of providing evacuation from public buildings, in particular shopping centers. The following problems are solved in the article: the rationale for the design of the nebulizer, which has no limitations for use in public buildings with a mass stay of people; choice of the prototype of mass application; description and analysis of the experiments; development of recommendations for the use of the nebulizer; the rationale for the further development of its design. Methodology. It is shown that toxic smoke is a major damaging factor (more than 90 % of people affected by fires in public buildings, including shopping mall). For the deposition of smoke and provide escape routes, sprinkler systems are designed, but they are ineffective for smoke deposition and ineffective in neutralizing toxicity. A whole complex of measures was developed for the urgent alteration of shopping centers, increasing the executive discipline of personnel and building owners, eliminating numerous violations of the construction of prefabricated buildings, replacing flammable finishing materials and fillers of soft toys, intensively emitting smoke, regular training for evacuation from shopping centers, advanced training in protection. Results and discussion. It is substantiated that the fastest and most effective measure can be the equipping of shopping centers with new manual smoke sedimenting extinguishers — mini fire extinguishers. In the polygon tests, the effectiveness of new devices for creating evacuation routes by the method of precipitation and neutralization of thick toxic smoke was demonstrated. It is shown that the use of these devices does not require special training: they can be effectively used by guards and visitors to shopping centers and other public buildings for self-rescue, putting out burning clothes on a person and creating short passes in smoke. A high range of spraying and quenching by mini fire extinguishers has been identified. Their advantages are proved in comparison with stationary sprinkler systems, according to the instructions intended. Conclusions. It is expedient and necessary to create and certify the production of new impulse sprayers with compactness, durability, efficiency, and to conduct an advertising campaign based on the results presented, to create a regulatory framework and legislative support for the introduction of such sprayers in the interests of the safety of visitors to the SEC, discotheques and other public buildings