New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata

M Shahinuzzaman,H Misran,N Amin,Parul Akhtar,Yunus Ahmed,Farah Hannan Anuar,Md Akhtaruzzaman

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91913-w

Abstract

In this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS as well as reducing power assays on total phenolic content (TPC). For the extraction purpose, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P < 0.0001) and total phenolic content (R2 = 0.961, P < 0.0001), indicating a significant correlation between the experimental and expected value. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was achieved 85.20 ± 0.96% at the optimum extraction parameters of 52.5% ethanol (v/v), 40.0 °C temperature, and 22 min extraction time. Alternatively, the highest yield of total phenolic content was found 31.65 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g DF at the optimum extraction conditions. From the LC–ESI–MS profiling of the optimized extract, 18 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified, which may regulate the antioxidant activity of fruits of F. auriculata.

Highlights

In this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology
US Food and Drug Administration (UFDA) recommended environment friend and food-grade non-toxic organic solvents and pure methanol is more toxic than the pure ethanol[27]
Our results suggested that the efficiency of methanol was higher than single solvent ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane, but lower than the aqueous ethanol (75%) to extract phenolic antioxidant compounds from the fruits of F. auriculata as per the conditions of 10:0.250 solvent to solid ratio, 40 °C temperature and 30 min extraction time (Fig. 3)

Summary

Introduction

The extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The previous study found that the leaves, barks, and fruits of F. auriculata exhibited good result with the inhibition of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity using ultrasonic assisted extraction p rocess[8]. Most of the extracts from F. auriculata obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) process, showed the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic contents and extraction yields as compared to the maceration p rocess[8]. Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) is an eco-friendly method, which offers high extraction efficiency, good reproducibility in lower extraction times and requires relatively low solvent, temperature, and energy input. This method can be scaled up for industrial applications[15,16]

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