New insights into the phenology, genetics and breeding system of critically endangeredNardostachys grandifloraDC

Abstract

AbstractThe critically endangered Nardostachys grandiflora DC is a highly renowned medicinal and aromatic plant of the Western Himalayan region, traditionally used in treating heart palpitations, convulsions, epilepsy and insomnia, as well as being a source of aromatic oil used as incense, flavoring agent and in quality perfumes. This species is on the verge of extinction due to over-exploitation and habitat destruction and needs immediate preventive measures. Despite being essential for domestication, there have been few studies of the natural variation, breeding and genetic system of this species possibly due to its remote location and sparse populations. The present study has revealed that N. grandiflora, which is restricted to specific ecological niches in high alpine regions 3000–5000 m asl, is under stress due to its infrequent flowering nature, which limits generation of new variation, although some intra-population variability with regard to lamina margin (dentate and wavy) and type of stigma (cap...