Abstract
The main techniques used to study the molecular genetics of various organisms are in vivo or in vitro recombination and mutation and introduction of the recombinant and, or, mutant DNA molecules into appropriate host cells via transformation, transduction or conjugation. Such studies have three general purposes: first and foremost to isolate and amplify genes in order to achieve a more detailed understanding of their structural and functional organisation; secondly to try to produce important proteins by introducing and expressing genes coding for such proteins in cells that can easily be grown in cultures (mostly bacteria and fungi, possibly also some plant cell cultures) and finally to try and breed new organisms (e.g. plants) with added desirable genetic traits. Recently very important progress has been made in the molecular genetics (as defined above) of fungi and plants. It is the purpose of this short review to describe briefly this rapidly expanding field.
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