Abstract
Solanum fernandesii is an unusual and important species of the genus Solanum, and it is the only known species within Solanum that has a petiolar gland. We provide new insights for this species endemic to Brazil, including a new record for the state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. S. fernandesii is distributed in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, Alagoas, Minas Gerais, and Pernambuco. Based on the use of online tools and field observations, its conservation status is classified as Least Concern for the Extension of Occurrence (754.583,610 km2) and Endangered for the Area of Occupancy (68.000 km2). We emphasize that serrated leaf margins, the presence of a petiole gland, and the shape of the calyx of fruits and seeds are important characteristics for the delimitation of this species. Taxonomic notes, field images, comments, and identification key for species of the genus Solanum in the study area are presented. Key words: Caatinga, Flora of Piauí, Gardneri Clade, Petiolar glands.
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