Abstract
Neogene hominoid cranial material is regrettably scarce, especially from the middle and late Miocene. Between the 18-Myr-old virtually complete early Miocene Proconsul africanus skull from Rusinga1 and the 3–4-Myr-old Hadar hominoid cranial material2, the only significant large (non-hylobatid) hominoid facial or cranial specimens are those from the late Miocene Salonika in Greece3, Yassioren in Turkey4, Lufeng in China5, the possibly middle Miocene site of Moroto in Uganda6 and the new facial-mandibular piece from late Miocene deposits in Pakistan reported here. The specimen is a Sivapithecus indicus7 adult, probably male, and consists of most of the left side of the face including a small portion of the frontal bone, the zygomatic arch and temporo-mandibular joint, the maxilla, a virtually entire mandible and the complete dentition. The fossil, catalogued as GSP 15000, is the property of the Government of Pakistan and is at present on loan for study at Harvard University.
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