New Graphical Modeling Environments

Abstract

Simulation modeling is the operation over time of a mathematical model that represents the structure and dynamics of a system for the purpose of observing its behavior under controlled or experimental conditions (Berryman and Pienaar 1974). Models are used to create an orderly and logical representation of the underlying relationships among the components of the system. They long have been needed in ecological research because of the complexity of ecosystems, the variability of living organisms, the often unpredictable effects of human manipulation, and the long time scales sometimes necessary in ecological research (Jeffers 1982). In entomology, early research in integrated pest management used simulation as a tool for understanding complex agroecosystems and in designing optimal management strategies (Coulson and Saunders 1987). Simulation models currently are used by entomologists for a variety of reasons, ranging from basic research in ecological theory to the design of optimal management practices for specific pest situations. Despite their utility, many entomologists know little about the construction and proper use of models. Some reasons for this are the lack of a quantitative background and the avoidance of learning a complex and specialized subdiscipline of the field comprised of mathematics, engineering, and computer science. However, relatively recent advances in computer science, especially in object-oriented programming and sophisticated graphical user interfaces, promise to make modeling accessible to all interested entomologists.