Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the new findings in reproductive neuroendocrinology. Hypothalamus influences anterior pituitary function by releasing specific polypeptidic hormones into the pituitary portal vessels. These hormones activate or inhibit the activity of the various components of the gland. Three hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones have been identified so far. These are thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (TSHRH), which stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and of prolactin; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH–RH), which activates the secretion of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); and Somatostatin, which inhibits the release of growth hormone and of TSH. The hypothalamic–pituitary unit receives important inputs from several extra-hypothalamic structures and from different types of feedback signals. The sertoli cells in the male and the granulosa cells in the female produce a principle of proteic nature, which specifically inhibits the release of FSH. The activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary complex can be modified by nervous signals, originating either in extra-hypothalamic structures or in the hypothalamus itself.
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