NEW DIPLOID, TRIPLOID, IMMUNAL TO SCAB AND COLUMN-LIKE APPLE TREE VARIETIES IN ASSORTMENT IMPROVEMENT

Abstract

Over a 65-year period, a large interdisciplinary team of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) has created and zoned 56 apple cultivars of different fruit ripening periods. For the first time in Russia and in the world, 24 triploid varieties have been created from intervalent crosses of the 2x x 4x type, 6 of which are immune to scab. In addition, 15 scab-immune cultivars with a voluminous crown and 4 columnar cultivars immune to scab have been created. The first domestic immune to scab cultivar Imrus (immune Russian), like many cultivars immune to scab, has already become widely known in Russia. Many apple cultivars have already been zoned in several regions of Russia. For example, Venyaminovskoye, Veteran, Rozhdestvenskoye and Sinap Orlovsky are zoned in 4 regions of Russia, and Kandil Orlovsky, Kulikovskoye, Orlik and Orlovskoye Polosatoye in three regions of Russia. These cultivars already occupy large areas in large industrial orchards and are widely known to amateur gardeners in suburban and household plots. According to the terms of maturation and consumption of apple fruits of VNIISPK cultivars, you can make an apple calendar from August to May of the following year. Over the past decades, VNIISPK has become the main supplier of new apple cultivars in Russia. The article gives a brief economic and biological characteristics of the best, in our opinion, seven apple cultivars, including those with a summer fruit ripening period (Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas), with autumn ripening (Solnyshko and Orlovskoye Polosatoye) and with winter fruit ripening (Ministr Kiselyov, Rozhdestvenskoye and Svezhest). In recent years, the columnar scab-immune apple cultivars of VNIISPK selection have aroused great interest among gardeners: Priokskoye, Poezia, Vostorg and Girlianda, characterized by rapid fruitfulness, high yield, simplified care and high quality of fruits.