Abstract
Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures. The present paper reviews the state of the art of hot stamping techniques and their applications, considering the following aspects: (1) conventional hot stamping and its advanced developments; (2) warm stamping approaches in which complete austenitisation is not attained during heating; (3) hot stamping with a lower forming temperature, i.e., low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS); (4) advanced medium-Mn steels with lower austenitisation temperatures and their applicability in LTHS. Prospects for the further development of LTHS technology and the work required to achieve this are discussed.
Highlights
Owing to the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels, there has been a strong push to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles in recent years
In the subsequent partitioning treatment, the material is held at a partitioning temperature (PT), which can be equal to QT or somewhat higher than QT [53,54]
The material does not undergo a complete transformation to austenite during the highhigh-temperature parts of the process, and this leads to a microstructure consisting of martensite, temperature parts of the process, and this leads to a microstructure consisting of martensite, ferrite, ferrite, retained austenite and pearlite at the end of forming, in strength a lower strength and higher retained austenite and pearlite at the end of forming, resultingresulting in a lower and higher ductility ductility than if full austenitisation were achieved
Summary
Owing to the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels, there has been a strong push to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles in recent years. The automotive industry is working on reducing vehicle weights with simultaneous improvements in safety and crashworthiness This can often be achieved either by using lighter materials, such as aluminium alloys, or by using stronger materials such as advanced high strength steels (AHSS) in the body in white (BiW) of vehicles. Theand process chain commercialised is illustrated in internationally, especially for sheet in the MPa. Figure 1a [6] and a schematic representation of the thermomechanical cycle and chain the microstructural in Figure 1a [6] and schematic representation of thein thermomechanical cyclethe and the microstructural evolution during thea hot stamping process is shown. Muchtrimming research and into punching, hot stamping technology has already been published.customers.
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