Abstract
The development of markets for low-carbon energy sources requires reconsideration of issues related to extraction and use of oil and gas. Significant reserves of hydrocarbons are concentrated in Arctic territories, e.g., 30% of the world’s undiscovered natural gas reserves and 13% of oil. Associated petroleum gas, natural gas and gas condensate could be able to expand the scope of their applications. Natural gas is the main raw material for the production of hydrogen and ammonia, which are considered promising primary energy resources of the future, the oxidation of which does not release CO2. Complex components contained in associated petroleum gas and gas condensate are valuable chemical raw materials to be used in a wide range of applications. This article presents conceptual Gas-To-Chem solutions for the development of Arctic oil and gas condensate fields, taking into account the current trends to reduce the carbon footprint of products, the formation of commodity exchanges for gas chemistry products, as well as the course towards the creation of hydrogen energy. The concept is based on modern gas chemical technologies with an emphasis on the production of products with high added value and low carbon footprint.
Highlights
Despite the existing trends of transition to renewable energy, a complete elimination of hydrocarbon raw materials is not possible in a near perspective because of constant growth of energy consumption
The cost of turquoise hydrogen obtained by pyrolysis of methane, according to experts in the field of simulation and computer modeling, is much lower than that of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water
Popular is dry reforming of methane (DRM), partial oxidation (POX)
Summary
Despite the existing trends of transition to renewable energy, a complete elimination of hydrocarbon raw materials is not possible in a near perspective because of constant growth of energy consumption. The cost of turquoise hydrogen obtained by pyrolysis of methane, according to experts in the field of simulation and computer modeling, is much lower than that of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water (green hydrogen). This is due to the fact that part of the energy is lost due to the efficiency of the electrolyzer 70–80%. According to our preliminary estimates, the cost of turquoise hydrogen may be lower than the cost of hydrogen produced by traditional steam reforming of natural gas with the capture of greenhouse gases (blue hydrogen) This is due to the fact that there is no need to build and maintain a CSS and CCU infrastructure for turquoise hydrogen.
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