New Cities in the State of Baghdad, the Late Ottoman Period, Fallujah, as a Model

Abstract

The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed the administrational organization of the state with the issuance of the Ottoman states law during the reign of Sultan Abdul Aziz Khan (1861-1876) in 1864 and this law was applied in Iraq during the reign of the Governor of Baghdad, Medhat Pasha (1869 - 1872) and new cities were developed such as Nasiriya and Ramadi to form administrative centers, and after Ramadi became a district under the name of the Dulaim district, Fallujah belonged to it. Fallujah has an important strategic location, for this reason a number of human settlements appeared before Islam and they were mentioned in a number of historical documents in the Islamic ages and also during the Ottoman rule and indicated by travelers in the modern era starting from the sixteenth century being the last place on the Euphrates river route Birjik. Fallujah. It seems that this village ceased to exist in the eighteenth century because of the transform the transportation routes, but it returned in the nineteenth century after erecting a moving bridge across the Euphrates and taking it as a rural headquarters for a number of prominent Ottoman figures in Baghdad, such as the Governor of Baghdad, Suleiman Pasha Abu Leila (1749 - 1762) and the lieutenant general Kazem Pasha, leader of the Cavalry group. The research also examines the administrative situation in the city and its transformation to Nahyia in 1899, its military importance, tribal movements, its economic conditions, the importance of the boat bridge in the transportation line between Baghdad, Damascus and Aleppo, and the extension of the telegraph lines,