New biofertilizers in the technology of culturing spring grain crops

Abstract

The studies were conducted in 2021–2022 at FGBNU FARC of the North East. The article presents data on the yield and phytosanitary condition of crops of spring wheat Nagrada, barley Boyarin and oats Kirovsky 2, in the cultivation technology of which new bio fertilisers (Azolen, Azotovit, Phosphatovit, Kaliyvit, Nitrozlak) and biological products (Pseudobacterin, Flavobacterin, Alirin) are used, in compared with the control (no treatment) and the chemical fungicide Lamador. Chemicalization agents in liquid were used to treat seeds and crops in the tillering and heading phases. The area of the plots is 2.7 m2, and the repetition is fourfold. It was revealed that in protection against root rot, seed dressing with Lamador fungicide, treatment of crops with Azotovit in the tillering phase, and Phosphatovit in the heading phase are effective for all crops. However, depending on the culture, the selective nature of the effect of drugs on the spread and development of the disease was noted. On oats, the best protection was provided by the treatment of crops in the heading phase with Kaliyvit (biological efficiency 70.4% and 73.0%), on barley - treatment of seeds with Nitrozlak (40.4 and 60.5%), on wheat - treatment in the tillering phase Phosphatovit (61.9 and 58.8%). Preparations Kaliyvit (crop treatment) and Nitrozlak (seed treatment) reduced the development of septoria, dark brown, net and red-brown spotting to the greatest extent for the experiment (biological efficiency from 12.8 to 37.5%). The highest yield was obtained in the variants with the treatment of crops with Azolen, Azotovit, and Phosphatovit and the treatment of seeds with Kaliyvit, which amounted to 3.26–3.58 t/ha for wheat, 2.85–3.33 for barley, and 3.88 for oats. -4.31 t/ha. The yield increase is due to the higher survival of plants for harvesting and grain size, as evidenced by the positive relationship between yield and safety (r = 0.30–0.50), yield and weight of 1000 seeds (r = 0.18–0.43).