Abstract
Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that causing great economic losses in animals wealth. Vaccination with RFV vaccines are an important factor for controlling the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the immunological effect of chitosan and aluminum phosphate nanoparticles as adjuvants. Methods: Evaluating the cellular and humoral immune responses in sheep vaccinated with the prepared RVF vaccines. Result: The prepared vaccines were sterile and safe. The potent lymphocytic cell proliferation of cell-mediated immune response was early increased with significant level from 1st day post-inoculation and reached the peak at the 5th, 7th and 10th days post-inoculation in groups vaccinated with Chitosan nanoparticles RVF vaccine, aluminum phosphate nanoparticles vaccine and aluminum hydroxide RVF vaccine respectively. The results of cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α mRNA expression level and IFN-γ) were consistent with the results of cell proliferation. Neutralizing antibody it was increased significantly from the 2nd week post-inoculation and reached the peak at 5th, 4th and 3rd months in groups inoculated with Chitosan nanoparticles RVF vaccine, aluminum phosphate nanoparticles vaccine and aluminum hydroxide RVF vaccine respectively. ELISA results correlated with that obtained by SNT. Our study showed that both nanoparticles RVF vaccines induced rapid immunological response with long duration of immunity.
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