New analytical approach to determine organophosphorus insecticides in blood by dried matrix spots sampling and GC-MS/MS

Abstract

This work describes the optimization of a new method for the determination of five organophosphorus insecticides in whole blood. The analytes were extracted from the matrix (50μL) using the dried blood spot (DBS) approach and were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The studied compounds (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, parathion-ethyl, chlorfenvinphos and quinalphos) were chosen based on the statistics of intoxications in Portugal, and ethion was used as internal standard. The method was fully validated, taking into account international guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, such as those of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX). A linear range of 0.1-25μg/mL was obtained for all compounds, except for diazinon and quinalphos (0.05-25μg/mL and 0.25-25μg/mL, respectively), presenting determination coefficients above 0.99. Concerning precision, the coefficients of variation (CVs) were lower than 14% for all compounds. Those compounds were found to be stable in the samples. Although the values obtained for recovery were low (between 1 and 12%), the method proved to be sensitive, since detection limits between 0.05 and 0.1μg/mL were obtained. The novelty is the use of the DBS approach in the extraction of these compounds, and this is the first paper reporting it: DBS is a recent technique of bioanalysis in the field of toxicology, and in addition to its simplicity and sensitivity, it is applicable routinely in both clinical and forensic toxicology situations. Graphical abstract ᅟ.