Neutrosophic Optimization Model and Computational Algorithm for Optimal Shale Gas Water Management under Uncertainty

Firoz Ahmad,Ahmad Yusuf Adhami,Florentin Smarandache

doi:10.3390/sym11040544

Abstract

Shale gas energy is the most prominent and dominating source of power across the globe. The processes for the extraction of shale gas from shale rocks are very complex. In this study, a multiobjective optimization framework is presented for an overall water management system that includes the allocation of freshwater for hydraulic fracturing and optimal management of the resulting wastewater with different techniques. The generated wastewater from the shale fracking process contains highly toxic chemicals. The optimal control of a massive amount of contaminated water is quite a challenging task. Therefore, an on-site treatment plant, underground disposal facility, and treatment plant with expansion capacity were designed to overcome environmental issues. A multiobjective trade-off between socio-economic and environmental concerns was established under a set of conflicting constraints. A solution method—the neutrosophic goal programming approach—is suggested, inspired by independent, neutral/indeterminacy thoughts of the decision-maker(s). A theoretical computational study is presented to show the validity and applicability of the proposed multiobjective shale gas water management optimization model and solution procedure. The obtained results and conclusions, along with the significant contributions, are discussed in the context of shale gas supply chain planning policies over different time horizons.

Highlights

Energy sources play a dynamic role in the development, nourishment, and enrichment reputation of any country
The obtained optimal results were categorized into five main parts: (i) the optimal acquisition of freshwater from various sources to different shale sites in order to ensure smooth operation of the shale gas energy generation system; (ii) prominent emerging technologies for the on-site treatment of wastewater; (iii) the optimal wastewater management system strategy, which is challenging from the environmental point of view; (iv) the optimal expansion plan to enhance the treatment plant capacity; and (v) the optimal values of different conflicting objectives with their corresponding assigned weights
The multiobjective shale gas water management optimization model addressed within synthesizes the optimum allocation of water resources for shale gas extraction processes

Summary

Introduction

Energy sources play a dynamic role in the development, nourishment, and enrichment reputation of any country. Many conventional sources of energy are being used for energy production, but shale gas energy is booming among different energy sources [1,2,3]. Apart from conventional sources of energy, shale gas—which is located within shale rocks—is the most promising source of natural gas. Shale gas has become an emerging source of natural gas across the world [4,5]. In 2000, only 1% of the US natural gas production was contributed by shale gas energy; by 2010, it was more than 20%, and according to predictions of the US government’s

Methods

Results

Conclusion