Neurotrophic Effect of Fish-Lecithin Based Nanoliposomes on Cortical Neurons.

Catherine Malaplate,Michel Linder,Aurelia Poerio,Claire Soligot,Cyril J F Kahn,Marion Huguet,Elodie Passeri,Frances T Yen,Elmira Arab-Tehrany

doi:10.3390/md17070406

Catherine Malaplate, Michel Linder + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/md17070406

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Abstract

Lipids play multiple roles in preserving neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been of particular interest in optimizing synaptic membrane organization and function. We developed a green-based methodology to prepare nanoliposomes (NL) from lecithin that was extracted from fish head by-products. These NL range between 100–120 nm in diameter, with an n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of 8.88. The high content of n-3 PUFA (46.3% of total fatty acid content) and docosahexanoic acid (26%) in these NL represented a means for enrichment of neuronal membranes that are potentially beneficial for neuronal growth and synaptogenesis. To test this, the primary cultures of rat embryo cortical neurons were incubated with NL on day 3 post-culture for 24 h, followed by immunoblots or immunofluorescence to evaluate the NL effects on synaptogenesis, axonal growth, and dendrite formation. The results revealed that NL-treated cells displayed a level of neurite outgrowth and arborization on day 4 that was similar to those of untreated cells on day 5 and 6, suggesting accelerated synapse formation and neuronal development in the presence of NL. We propose that fish-derived NL, by virtue of their n-3 PUFA profile and neurotrophic effects, represent a new innovative bioactive vector for developing preventive or curative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

Highlights

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been extensively studied for their effects in neuronal development and growth, where investigations have focused on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for their therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease
Analyses by gas chromatography revealed that fatty acid composition of salmon lecithin consists of a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Table 2)
ANOVA followed by a Scheffe’s post hoc test; significance was considered as p < 0.05. These results demonstrate that the supplementation of NL in the culture media accelerate the development of neural networks in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons

Summary

Introduction

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been extensively studied for their effects in neuronal development and growth, where investigations have focused on n-3 PUFA for their therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. PUFA have significant roles in membrane structure and function and in cell signaling. They play important roles as substrates for the synthesis of lipid mediators that are involved in inflammation. The consumption of n-3 PUFA docosahexanoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids has been shown to decrease the amounts of n-6 arachidonic acid (AA), which is a precursor of the production of eicosanoids that are involved in inflammation [1]. DHA and EPA are precursors of the anti-inflammatory resolvins, and they may exert an anti-oxidative role by modulating the activity of proteins that are involved in oxidative stress in the central nervous system [2]. PUFAs are known to be directly involved in the regulation of gene expression in the brain [3]

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