Neuropsychiatry of Learning Disabilities

Abstract

The author reviews almost all aspects regarding learning disturbances, disabilities, classification, up date terminology, the neurobiological basis of learning disabilities, the Genetics of learning disabilities, brain measurements, neurobiological basis of neuropsychiatric comorbidity, associated neuropsychiatric disturbances, medical comorbidity, common pitfalls in the neuropsychiatric assessment of patients with developmental disabilities, neuropsychiatric assessment, expanded neurological examination, general physical examination, laboratory studies, neuropsychological testing, neuropsychological testing, and treatment among others aspects. In conclusion: In this review an attempt has been made to look at learning disabilities as a spectrum of syndromes of developmental deficits. Current terminologies have been defined. The neurobiological nature of learning disabilities has been presented with a review of advances in genetics and imaging studies, with particular emphasis on functional neuroimaging. Neuropsychiatric disorders, their neurobiological basis and medical comorbidities have been reviewed as well.