Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study.

Lyubka P Tancheva,Albena V Alexandrova,Yordan K Hodzhev,Nikolay T Tzvetkov,Reni E Kalfin,Elina R Tzvetanova,Ferdinando Nicoletti,Simona A Miteva,Atanas G Atanasov,Emanuela Mazzon,Maria I Lazarova,Stela T Dragomanova

doi:10.3390/antiox9010049

Abstract

We compared the neuroprotective action of three natural bio-antioxidants (AOs): ellagic acid (EA), α-lipoic acid (LA), and myrtenal (Myrt) in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was induced in male Wistar rats through an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The animals were divided into five groups: the sham-operated (SO) control group; striatal 6-OHDA-lesioned control group; and three groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats pre-treated for five days with EA, LA, and Myrt (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally- i.p.), respectively. On the 2nd and the 3rd week post lesion, the animals were subjected to several behavioral tests: apomorphine-induced rotation; rotarod; and the passive avoidance test. Biochemical evaluation included assessment of main oxidative stress parameters as well as dopamine (DA) levels in brain homogenates. The results showed that all three test compounds improved learning and memory performance as well as neuromuscular coordination. Biochemical assays showed that all three compounds substantially decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and restored catalase (CAT) activity and DA levels that were impaired by the challenge with 6-OHDA. Based on these results, we can conclude that the studied AOs demonstrate properties that are consistent with significant antiparkinsonian effects. The most powerful neuroprotective effect was observed with Myrt, and this work represents the first demonstration of its anti-Parkinsonian impact.

Highlights

IntroductionParkinson’s disease disease (PD)(PD) is is the the second second most most common common progressive progressive neurodegenerative neurodegenerative disorder disorderParkinson’s afterAlzheimer’s disease (AD)and as such represents a serious social burden.It is characterized by after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and as such represents a serious social burden
The most most obvious obvious effect effect was was observed observed in elagic acid-treated animals animals compare where the weight reduction was by to the control
After of daily administration of ellagic acid (EA), lipoic acid (LA), and the body weights of body the animals were andwere this suspension of daily administration ofMyrt, EA, LA, and Myrt, the weights of increased, the animals trend was maintained until themaintained end of the experiment

Summary

Introduction

As such represents a serious social burden. It is characterized by after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and as such represents a serious social burden It is characterized by selective loss lossofof dopaminergic neurons substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC). Their selective dopaminergic neurons fromfrom substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and their projections projections to the striatum [1,2,3]. Impairment of motor function and memory are the primary clinical to the striatum [1,2,3]. Impairment of motor function and memory are the primary clinical characteristics characteristics of PD observed both in patients and experimental animal models. Of PD observed both in patients and experimental animal models. Several lines lines of of independent independent data data convergently convergently indicate indicate that that dysregulated dysregulated oxidative oxidative responses responses

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