Neurological and Urological Malformations in Infant of Diabetic Mother at Tertiary Care Hospital; a Single Center Experience

Abstract

Background: Congenital anomalies mostly affecting the central neurological, urological, circulatory, and skeletal systems occur in the infant of diabetic mothers. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the neurological and urological malformations in the infant of a diabetic mother presenting at the NICU and causality department of NICH Karachi Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at NICH Karachi, from July 2022 to Oct 2022. Infants born to diabetic mothers were enrolled in the study and neurological and urological malformations were determined with the help of radiography which was performed by a pediatric radiologist who has had expertise in his field for more than 15 years. Results: A total of 126 infants of diabetic mothers were included in this study. The age range of infants was 0-28 days. 1.58% of infants had neurological malformation. One infant had spina bifida occulta and other had mylomeningocele. 5% of infants were found to have urological malformations. 4 (3.2%) had a malformation of multicystic dysplastic kidney, 1 (0.8%) had agenesis and 1 (0.8%) had enlarged kidney syndrome. Conclusion: The present study analyzed a lower frequency of neurological and urological problems among infants of diabetic mothers. However, the frequency is low but it causes a great burden with serious outcomes. Therefore, proper screening is recommended for diabetic mothers to detect these malformations.