Abstract
The progression of diabetes has been linked with disruption of the microvascular system, which may lead to other degenerative conditions, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. Cognitive dysfunction has been linked with diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Changes in metabolic processes, including disruption of inflammatory pathways, cholinergic function, purinergic processes, and neurotransmitters triggered by chronic hyperglycemia, may affect brain function. Hence, the need to explore novel biomarkers to identify the risk of neurological deficit and impairment in the central nervous system in diabetic conditions. This chapter thoroughly reviewed the recently published articles on the biochemical mechanisms and biomarkers associated with diabetic encephalopathy and neuroinflammation. The roles of the biomarkers involved in diabetic encephalopathy will provide novel insights on possible therapeutic interventions that can mitigate cognitive problems and neurological dysfunction associated with chronic hyperglycemia as well as diabetes mellitus.KeywordsDiabetesDiabetic encephalopathyCognitive impairmentNeuroinflammationCholinergic dysfunction
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