Abstract
Hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells that synthesize oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) can be categorized into two major cell types, namely magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. In addition to the previously known differences in morphology, connectivity, and electrophysiological properties, recent studies highlight fundamentally different functions and genetic compositions of these cells. Parvocellular OT neurons have recently been implicated in pain perception and processing, regulation of OT release during fear, and promotion of social behavior in female rats following gentle touch. Despite the vast knowledge of parvocellular OT neurons, surprisingly little is known about parvocellular AVP cells. The activity of AVP receptor-expressing presympathetic cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is regulated by somato-dendritically released AVP from nearby magnocellular AVP cells. However, the contribution of actual parvocellular AVP neurons to this phenomenon remains questionable. Here we summarize the current body of knowledge about the neuroanatomy and functional relationship of the magnocellular and parvocellular OT and AVP systems. In addition, we discuss several controversial topics including the post-synaptic location of OT receptors, various modes of OT release, and misconceptions/fallacies that might have led to oversimplified models of the OT system.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
