Abstract
More and more researches suggest that the nervous and immune systems actively interact. Investigation of the mechanisms that underlie the development of septic shock led to discovery of a qualitatively new type of neuro-immune interactions - the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involving the vagus nerve. However, despite the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve that is already actively used in order to relieve the symptoms of some autoimmune conditions, many molecular and cellular aspects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway remain unknown or controversial. This review discusses the mechanisms of the reception of inflammatory mediators by vagal afferent fibers and nervous cells in the area postrema, the nerve centers presumably involved in the processing of immune information, the efferent parasympathetic effects on the immune system, in particular, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by spleen macrophages, as well as the role of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in maintaining homeostasis in the body.
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