Neural-like growing networks in the development of general intelligence. Neural-like element (P. I)

Abstract

The article discusses a new approach to the creation of artificial neurons and neural networks as the means of developing artificial intelligence similar to natural. The article consists of two parts. In the first one, the system of artificial intelligence formation is considered in comparison with the system of natural intelligence formation. Based on the consideration and analysis of the structure and functions of a biological neuron, it was concluded that memory is stored in brain neurons at the molecular level. Information perceived by a person from the moment of his birth and throughout his life is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum of the neuron. There are about 100 billion neurons in the human brain, and each neuron contains millions of ribosomes that synthesize a mediator consisting of about 10,000 molecules. If we assume that one mole-cule corresponds to one unit of information, then human memory is unlimited. In the nerve cell, there is a synthesis of biologically active substances necessary for the analysis and memorizing information. The “factory” for the production of proteins is the endoplasmic reticulum which accumulates millions of ribosomes. One ribosome synthesizes protein at a rate of 15–20 amino acids per second. Considering that the functional structure of ribosomes is similar to the Turing machine, we can conclude that the neuron is an analog multimachine complex – an ultra-fast molecular multimachine supercomputer with an unusually simple analog programming device. An artificial neuron proposed by J. McCulloch and W. Pitts is considered a highly simplified mathematical model of a biological neuron. A maximally approximate analogue of a biological neuron, a neural-like element, is proposed. A description of the neural-like element is given. The process of perception and memorizing information in a neuron-like element is shown in comparison with a similar process in a nerve cell of the brain.