Neuron. Molecular supercomputer.

Abstract

The article discusses the prospects for the development of intelligent computing systems. It is determined that at present the most promising direction in this area is based on the idea obtained as a result of biological research on the development of biocomputers, special types of molecular microcomputers using the concept of nerve cell DNA as the basis for calculations. In this regard, the structure and functioning of the nerve cell is considered in detail. Based on the consideration and analysis of the works of physiologists on the structure and functions of a biological neuron, it was found that the information perceived by a person is stored in the neurons of the brain at the molecular level, it also suggested that the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum are elements of processing, transformation and storage of temporary memory. In addition, it was assumed that the nerve cell of the brain is a molecular, analog supercomputer that performs the analysis, synthesis, processing and storage of information. Huge volumes of information perceived by a person from the moment of his birth and throughout his life are stored in a nerve cell. There are about 100 billion neurons in the human brain, with each neuron containing millions of membrane-bound ribosomes. A detailed consideration of the functioning of a biological neuron from the position of a cybernetic system approach led to the understanding that the structure and functions of the ribosomes of a nerve cell almost completely coincide with the structure and functions of a Turing machine. It is shown that, in fact, a Turing machine is a processor consisting of a logical device and external and internal memory. A neuron can be considered as a molecular multiprocessor supercomputer, since in a neuron, an analog of the logical structure of the ribosome, and external and internal memory are transfer RNA and informational RNA. An example of the implementation of the simplest version of the Turing machine is given. In conditions of successful development of this direction, the possibilities of computers of the future are enormous. A brief description of the neuron-like element and the neural-like growing network is given. Their application in the technology of molecular machines will lead to the creation of a machine brain similar to the human brain.