Abstract
The growth in renewable energy integration over the past few years, primarily fueled by the drop in capital cost, has revealed the requirement for more sustainable methods of integration. This paper presents a collocated hybrid plant consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) and Ternary pumped-storage hydro (TPSH) and designs controls that integrate the PV plant such that the behavior and the controllability of the hybrid plant are similar to those of a conventional plant within operational constraints. The PV array control and hybrid plant control implement a neural–network-based framework to coordinate the response, de-loading, and curtailment of multiple arrays with the response of the TPSH. With the help of the designed controls, a symbiotic relationship is developed between the two energy resources, where the PV compensates for the TPSH nonlinearities and provides required speed of response, while the TPSH firms the PV system and allows the PV to be integrated using its existing infrastructure. Simulations demonstrate that the designed controls enable the PV system to track references, while the TPSH’s firming and shifting transforms the PV system into a base load plant for most of the day and extends its hours of operation.
Highlights
This paper proposes a hybrid PV and ternary PSH (TPSH) combination and designs controls for the same to ensure that the PV system and the Ternary pumpedstorage hydro (TPSH) system work in a coordinated manner to cater to the network requirements and to suppress internal disturbances
The TPSH operated in pump mode with hydraulic short-circuit (HSC) and was seen to adjust its output to minimize the error in set-point tracking
To cope with high flexibility and resilience requirements of future low inertia power systems, this paper proposes a novel PV + TPSH hybrid plant and designs its controls using a neural network-based structure
Summary
With the increasing addition of renewables, the requirements for flexibility in power networks have increased. During periods of high renewable penetration, flexible resources, such as fossil-fueled plants, are not available. This reduces system inertia and reserves due to which system flexibility and resilience are compromised. The frequency of high-impact events such as storms, forest fires, and cyberattacks has increased in recent years [1]. To cope with these disturbances, flexible resources are required. Battery energy storage is a solution, the scale of battery storage required for utility-scale PV or wind projects presents a technoeconomic barrier [2].
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