Abstract
With increasing renewable penetration and projected increase in natural disasters, the reliability and resiliency of a power system become crucial issues. As network inertia drops with increasing penetration of renewables, operators search for flexible resources that can help cope with a disruptive event or manage renewable intermittency. Energy storage is a solution, but the type of storage solution needs to be profitable to exist in the current and upcoming power markets. Advanced pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) is one solution that can help cope with such requirements, which will in turn help to increase the renewable penetration in the system. This paper qualitatively compares the revenue earning potential of PSH configurations, including, adjustable-speed PSH (AS-PSH) and ternary PSH (T-PSH) in comparison to conventional PSH (C-PSH) from the arbitrage and regulation markets, with and without the presence of wind penetration. In addition, a framework for quantitative analysis of any energy storage system has been proposed. A 24-bus RTS system is studied with summer and winter variations in load and wind power. Through revenue and operational mode analysis, this paper reveals that T-PSH has the highest revenue earning potential, which is mainly due to its ability to operate with a hydraulic short circuit.
Highlights
The primary control reserves and regulation services are crucial for enhancing the reliability and resilience of power systems
reliability test system (RTS) system does provide ample opportunity for the plants to participate in the market, C-pumped-storage hydropower (PSH)
System does provide ample opportunity for the PSH plants to participate in the market, conventional PSH (C-PSH) is is limited bybypartial generationinefficiency inefficiency inability to perform pumpregulation, mode regulation, limited partial load load generation andand inability to perform pump mode and earns earns lower withwith reduced nodalnodal and lower revenue revenuecompared comparedtotothe the reduced differences in the winter, arbitragerevenue revenue is is reduced reduced for types
Summary
The primary control reserves and regulation services are crucial for enhancing the reliability and resilience of power systems. Primary frequency regulation and load following reserves enable power systems to cope with any disruptive events and to absorb the intermittency of renewable energy and load. As the penetration of renewable energy increases, fossil-fuel powered thermal generators are removed from the schedule, which simultaneously removes the reserves and regulatory services provided previously by these generators. We look forward to grid-scale energy storage technologies such as pumped-storage hydropower (PSH). Fair remuneration mechanism for energy storage systems is of great importance. To remunerate these grid-scale energy storage devices in a fair manner, the U.S Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has ordered independent system operators (ISOs) to make necessary changes to their markets
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