Abstract
The paper explores the impacts of changes in renewable energy sources (RES) financing in Poland on the profitability of coupled photovoltaic panels and heat pump systems. The profitability analysis is conducted with the use of Net Present Value calculation and the return on investment period. The degree of change in profitability of using photovoltaic panels in Poland is dependent on the method of their financing. The analysis is carried out for two different photovoltaic support schemes: (1) the net-metering scheme currently in force in Poland; (2) the net-billing system scheduled for implementation in the year 2022. It is assumed for the analysis that two alternative heating and electricity supply systems for a single-family building will be operated: (a) a standard solution used in Poland consisting of a natural gas-fired boiler for heating and the purchase of electricity from the power grid, (b) an air/water heat pump used to heat the building, and electricity obtained from photovoltaic panels, also used to power the heat pump. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, examining the impact of several key parameters relevant for the profitability of such investments, such as average annual increase in the purchasing or selling prices of electricity, purchasing prices of natural gas, and inflation rate. The conclusions concern the possible consequences of introducing a new support scheme for photovoltaics in Poland. The highest profitability of all considered solutions is for the current scenario for heat pump and pv installation with the capacity to meet the demand in the last year of operation. The introduction of changes in the new RES law (2021) in Poland will reduce the profitability of investments in pv panels, leading to a slowdown in the investments in the pv installations.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilPhotovoltaics in Poland is developing dynamically, mainly due to the current support system for this industry
The domestic battery storage is not taken into account within the scenarios in this paper, because the purpose of this study is to compare the profitability of investments in photovoltaics under polish conditions, focusing on the changes in the photovoltaic support scheme, which is being developed in Poland
The highest profitability of all considered investments can be obtained within the current scheme for heat pump and pv installation with the capacity to meet the demand in the last year of operation and that is the installation with the highest capacity under consideration
Summary
Photovoltaics in Poland is developing dynamically, mainly due to the current support system for this industry. Still in force this year and until April 2022, the current support scheme allows to settle accounts with the electricity supplier as a prosumer on a netmetering basis. A household can receive, free of charge, 80% or 70% (depending on the power of the installation) of the energy introduced to the grid from the photovoltaic installation, and the settlement period is set for 1 year. The use of more energy than results from this settlement causes the necessity to purchase electricity at market price.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
