Abstract
The kurtosis and skewness of net baryon-number fluctuations are studied for the magnetized phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter within the Polyakov extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Two models with magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis are considered. Special attention is given to their behavior in the neighborhood of the light and strange critical end points (CEPs). Several isentropic trajectories that come close the CEPs are studied in order to analyze possible signatures of a CEP in the presence of external magnetic fields. The effect of the magnetic field on the velocity of sound, ${v}_{s}^{2}$, when both the light and strange CEPs are approached from the crossover region is also investigated by calculating their temperature and baryon chemical potential dependencies at fixed distances from these CEPs. Regions with large fluctuations but no CEP in nonmagnetized matter develop a CEP under the action of a strong magnetic field. Besides, the Landau quantization of the quark trajectories may result in the appearance of extra CEPs, in particular, in the strange sector for strong magnetic fields, identifiable by the net baryon-number fluctuations. Stiffer (smoother) fluctuations in the region of the CEP are characteristic of models that do not predict (do predict) the inverse magnetic catalysis at zero chemical potential. Particularly interesting is the ratio ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{B}^{4}/{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{B}^{2}$ that has a more pronounced peak structure, indicating that it is eventually a more convenient probe for the search of a CEP. The speed of sound shows a much richer structure in magnetized quark matter and allows one to identify both chiral and deconfinement transitions.
Highlights
Notable theoretical and experimental efforts [1] are being done to uncover the rich details of the QCD phase structure [2,3], namely the nature of the hadron matter–quark gluon plasma phase transition and the eventual existence of the QCD chiral critical end point (CEP) in the phase diagram.Experimentally, one of the main goals of the heavy ion collision (HIC) programs has been to unveil the possible existence and location of the CEP on the QCD phase diagram
We analyze the qualitative dependence of the net baryon-number fluctuations over the phase diagram and the effect of an external magnetic field
For a finite magnetic field, we perform a comparison between the Gs 1⁄4 G0s and Gs 1⁄4 GsðeBÞ models
Summary
Notable theoretical and experimental efforts [1] are being done to uncover the rich details of the QCD phase structure [2,3], namely the nature of the hadron matter–quark gluon plasma phase transition and the eventual existence of the QCD chiral critical end point (CEP) in the phase diagram. One of the main goals of the heavy ion collision (HIC) programs has been to unveil the possible existence and location of the CEP on the QCD phase diagram. To understand how an external magnetic field affects the structure of the QCD phase diagram, namely its impact on the fluctuations of net baryon number At finite temperature, this was done in Ref. We will study this effect at finite temperature, T, and baryonic chemical potential, μB, giving attention to both the light and strange sectors, with the respective CEPs and associated first-order phase transitions. We study the magnetized phase diagram using the (2 þ 1)-flavor PNJL model from the point of view of the kurtosis and skewness of net baryon-number fluctuations near the light and strange CEPs, in both the.
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