Abstract
This chapter reviews the chemistry, toxicokinetics, and biological activities of natural nephrotoxins found in certain herbs used for medicinal purposes and in fungi associated with various foodstuffs. Aristolochic acid, a human carcinogen, is notable for its selective toxicity to the proximal tubule. Ochratoxin, fumonisin B 1 , and citrinin are mycotoxins produced by molds that infest agricultural products, while orellanine is a proximal tubule nephrotoxin found in certain species of mushroom.
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