Neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas. Clasificación. Leucemia mieloide crónica

Abstract

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are proliferative clonal disorders that originate in hematopoietic progenitor cells. They include different diseases that may overlap in which one or more cell lines proliferate. The diagnosis must be integrated, taking into account analytical, clinical, molecular, and histological data. They are chronic diseases. Following publication of the new WHO classification in 2022, these diseases include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, and unclassified MPNs. Clinical manifestations are secondary to cell proliferation and include constitutional symptoms, anemia, infections, hemorrhagic and thrombotic events, and manifestations related to splenomegaly (which is common in all these entities). With the exception of CML, which is treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), treatment for the rest of MPNs mainly consists of controlling the symptoms arising from the disease (pruritus, headache, anemia, splenomegaly, etc.) and cytoreductive treatment.