Neonatal Resuscitation

Abstract

The resuscitation of a neonate in the emergency department is an infrequent occurrence. As such, it is imperative that emergency physicians are aware of the resources available at their institution in the event that resuscitation arises. The two mainstays of neonatal resuscitation are respiration and temperature. When resuscitation is required, it is due to a respiratory cause in the majority of neonates. Therefore, if the airway and breathing are managed properly, the heart rate and overall neonatal status will follow suit. Should the neonate’s heart rate continue to be below 60 beats per minute, then he or she will need chest compressions in addition to respiratory support. During the transition from intrauterine life to extrauterine life, neonates stand to lose substantial amounts of heat. Therefore, the temperature of the neonate also needs to be actively managed to prevent the loss of heat. The resuscitation will eventually end in one of two pathways: the termination of efforts or the successful resuscitation of the neonate. If the resuscitation is successful, the proper admission or transfer will need to be arranged for definitive care for the neonate. Figures include the review of fetal and neonatal circulation, proper use of equipment, and proper chest compression technique. Tables include equipment needed, Apgar scores, normal neonatal vital signs, disposition, and neonatal intensive care unit levels. Key words: Apgar scores, fetal circulation, neonatal chest compressions, neonatal circulation, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal intensive care unit levels