Neologisms: from author use to dictionary entry

Abstract

This article is devoted to neologisms and their use in speech. The authors analyze various ways of the appearance of neologisms in speech, ways of their formation. The subject of research is neologisms that appear either together with new concepts, phenomena, historical figures, or when an existing lexical unit expands the old meaning or acquires a new meaning. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons affecting the stability of neologism in speech, and to identify trends that lead neologism first to stable use in speech, and then, when it becomes a unit of language, to be included in the appropriate dictionaries. The main research methods are descriptive and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time a number of neologisms and the specifics of their functioning in the language are considered in it. As a result of the work carried out, the reasons why most neologisms disappear from speech are investigated, only some of them fall into the dictionaries of the general literary language, and a very small number of neologisms become terms. It is established that the occurrence of neologisms depends on various social trends and economic factors. At the same time, the formation of a neologism as a unit of language, as well as its development into a terminological unit, is possible only if a number of requirements are met.