Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is one of the most strategical oilseed crops that provides sustainable source of protein and oil worldwide. Cultivation of soybean is severely affected by root-knot nematode (RKN). However, the mechanism of RKN parasitism to soybeans is largely unknown. In this study, we identify GmLMM1, which encodes a homolog of FERONIA-like receptor kinase in soybean, as a susceptible gene toward nematode. Mutations of GmLMM1 exhibit enhanced resistance against the RKN Meloidogyne incognita. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals a similar differential expression pattern for genes regulated by GmLMM1 (Gmlmm1 vs. wild-type) and M. incognita (M. incognita vs. mock), supporting the role of GmLMM1 in M. incognita infection. Unlike FERONIA in Arabidopsis, GmLMM1 specifically binds to MiRALF1 and AtRALF23 that suppress plant immunity, but not MiRALF3 and AtRALF1. Moreover, we found that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GmLMM1 leads to the natural resistance against RKNs in soybeans. Collectively, these findings uncover GmLMM1 as a susceptible target of nematode RALF-like 1 and provide new genetic resource for nematode resistant breeding.
Highlights
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are devastating plant pathogens that infect the majority of agriculturally important crops and cause severe yield losses worldwide (Jones et al, 2013)
There was a significant developmental delay ranging from par-J2 to par-J4 of M. incognita in rmi1/2 mutants compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that rmi1/2 mutants were more resistant against M. incognita parasitism
More sights are focused on the cyst nematode, which is one kind of PPNs feeding on the root of soybean and is a major constraint to soybean production
Summary
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are devastating plant pathogens that infect the majority of agriculturally important crops and cause severe yield losses worldwide (Jones et al, 2013). Plant innate immunity relies on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cell surface localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Jones and Dangl, 2006; Zhou and Zhang, 2020). The PRR EF-TU receptor (EFR) and flagellin sensing 2 (FLS2), which are receptors for the bacterial elongation factor Tu epitope elf and flagellin epitope flg, respectively, require the somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) family of RLKs such as BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1) as coreceptors for PAMP recognition. The PRRs can interact with different coreceptors and regulate plant innate immunity
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