Abstract
Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN)) is a major pest of peanut. Nematicide application is an important tool for the management of PRKN. Nematicides with minimal effects on free-living nematodes are desired. Fluopyram nematicide is recently introduced in peanut production and needs to be assessed. The objective of this research is to evaluate fluopyram and the established nematicides 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) and aldicarb for efficacy at managing PRKN and impacts on free-living nematodes. Nematicides were evaluated in field studies in 2017 and 2018 conducted in commercial peanut fields. All nematicides increased peanut yield in 2017 compared with untreated control, but did not affect soil PRKN abundances or root galling. In 2018, PRKN infestation was too low to accurately assess PRKN management by nematicides. Aldicarb and fluopyram did not affect any free-living nematode trophic group or individual genera. In contrast, 1,3-D decreased total fungivore and fungivore genera Filenchus and Aphelenchus soil abundances, but did not affect bacterivores, omnivore-predators, total herbivores, or any other nematode genera. In summary, 1,3-D, but not aldicarb or fluopyram, had non-target effects on free-living nematodes, particularly fungivores.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important crop in the United States with 757,000 ha planted in 2018, worth $1.15 billion (NASS-USDA, 2019a, b)
Much of the production is concentrated in the Southeast where Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN)) can significantly reduce yields with suppression approaching 50% observed in field research (Rodriguez-Kabana and Robertson, 1987; Rodriguez-Kabana et al, 1994a, 1994b)
Peanut producers rely on crop rotation, resistant cultivars, and nematicide application to manage PRKN
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important crop in the United States with 757,000 ha planted in 2018, worth $1.15 billion (NASS-USDA, 2019a, b). Much of the production is concentrated in the Southeast where Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN)) can significantly reduce yields with suppression approaching 50% observed in field research (Rodriguez-Kabana and Robertson, 1987; Rodriguez-Kabana et al, 1994a, 1994b). Peanut cultivars (TifNV High O/L, Georgia 14 N, and Tifguard) that are highly resistant to rootknot nematodes are available and derive resistance from the parental cultivar COAN (Holbrook et al, 2008; Branch et al, 2014; Holbrook et al, 2017) These resistant cultivars are not widely adopted as a majority of acreage is planted to “Georgia 06 G,” which is susceptible to root-knot nematodes. Many nematicides, including aldicarb (Smolik, 1983; Grabau and Chen, 2016; Grabau et al, 2018) and 1,3-D (Sanchez-Moreno et al, 2010; Timper et al, 2012; Watson and Desaeger, 2019), are known to negatively affect free-living nematodes in various crop systems, but their impacts in peanut production have not been reported
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