Abstract
Simple SummaryHaemonchus contortus is the most frequent and most important nematode parasite in the ruminants production of tropical and subtropical regions. The conduction of research to find resources that allow effective control of this parasitic disease, preferably focusing on green production, is necessary. Hydrolysable tannins (HT) are an important group of compounds synthetized by plants, some of them exhibit anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerative, or antiparasitic properties. We evaluated the effect of hydrolysable tannin extract (HTE) on larvae of H. contortus (L3). L3 were exposed to different HTE concentrations and times to analyze the mortality, and microscopically we explored physical damage on L3 caused by HTE. After 72 h of incubation with 2 mg/mL of HTE, we found a half of death larvae, and by microscopy we observed larvae destruction. Our results suggest that hydrolysable tannin extracted from chestnut could be considered as an alternative for parasitic control as a food additive in cattle.Haemonchus contortus is the most frequent and most important nematode parasite in the ruminants production of tropical and subtropical regions. There are strains resistant to all families of available anthelmintics. Consequently, the conduction of research to find other resources that allow effective control of this parasitic disease, preferably focusing on green production, is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolysable tannin extract (HTE) on larvae 3 (L3) of H. contortus in vitro. L3 were exposed to different HTE concentrations and times. In addition, both light and scanning electron microscopy were used to explore physical damage on L3 subjected to HTE activity. After 72 h of incubation, the mean lethal concentration of HTE was 2 mg/mL; this concentration has been previously referred to as safe for consumption in cattle. Scanning electron microscopy revealed H. contortus L3 destruction, damage was evident by separation of the sheath mainly in the cervical and caudal regions of the larva and by rupture of the cuticle with larval evisceration. Our results suggest that hydrolysable tannin extract from chestnut could be considered as a green alternative for parasitic control in ruminants.
Highlights
Gastrointestinal parasites cause decreased production and affect animal welfare [1]; among them, Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is the most frequent nematode parasite in ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions
Feces were collected from a lamb inoculated with larvae of H. contortus; larvae 3 (L3) were obtained from feces culture and washed with distilled water to recover living and active specimens
We we used a prediction formula proposed by NASEM [18], showing that the doses administered in vivo used a prediction formula proposed by NASEM [18], showing that the doses administered in vivo are are equivalent to 2 and 4 mg/mL
Summary
Gastrointestinal parasites cause decreased production and affect animal welfare [1]; among them, Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is the most frequent nematode parasite in ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions. Engström et al [9] performed an in vitro study using 33 hydrolysable tannins substances extracted using an 80% acetone aqueous solution at 4 ◦ C from eleven plant species grown naturally in the southwest of Finland. As a conclusion, they affirmed that a relationship between the tannin structure and its anthelmintic activity exists, and ranked the ability of those compounds to inhibit Haemonchus contortus eggs’ hatchability and survival of L1 and L2 larvae. In that experiment [9], the authors attributed high anthelmintic activity to substances such as pentagallylglucose (82%) and tellmagrondin II (64%); at the same time, they ascribed very low values of relative anthelmintic activity to compounds such as castalagin (12%) and vescalgin (7%)
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