Abstract
Simple SummaryHaemonchus contortus is an important gastrointestinal nematode parasite of the tropical and sub-tropical regions that cause haemonchosis in small ruminants like goats and sheep. It causes low production, reduced growth and may cause death of the infected animals. Due to the resistance development and environmental issues, the use of anthelmintics can be replaced with biological control, which is an environment friendly alternative. In the present study, three bacteria viz; Comamonas testosteroni, C. jiangduensis and Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis showed significant effect on nematode mortality and egg hatch inhibition. It was also observed that the anthelmintic activity of these bacteria was dose dependent, where 100% bacterial metabolite concentration showed the highest activity. It is suggested that these bacteria may included in the integrated nematode management.Haemonchosis is a parasitic disease of small ruminants that adversely affects livestock production. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most prevalent nematode parasites that infect the abomasum of small ruminants. This parasite reduces milk production, overall growth and sometimes causes the death of the infected animals. The evaluation of the biocontrol potential of some abomasum bacterial isolates against H. contortus is investigated in this study. Out of which, three isolates—Comamonas testosteroni, Comamonas jiangduensis, Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis—show significant effect against the nematode L3, adult, and egg hatch inhibition assays. Various concentrations of metabolites from these bacteria are prepared and applied in different treatments compared with control. In the case of adult mortality assay, 50% metabolites of C. testosteroni and P. weihenstephanesis show 46% adult mortality, whereas C. jiangduensis shows 40% mortality. It is observed that decreasing the concentration of bacterial metabolite, lowers nematode mortality. The minimum nematode mortality rate is recorded at the lowest filtrates concentration of all the bacterial isolates. The same trend is observed in egg hatch inhibition assay, where the higher concentration of bacterial culture filtrates shows 100% inhibition of H. contortus egg. It is concluded that the effect of bacterial culture filtrates against H. contortus is dose-dependent for their activity against nematode L3, adult, and inhibition of egg hatchment.
Highlights
Gastrointestinal parasites are considered as the main cause of economic losses in the livestock sector
H. contortus larvae were treated with different bacterial metabolite concentrations, which cause 100% nematode mortality
The present study was conducted to know the antihelmintic capabilities of metabolites extracted from abomasum bacteria Comamonas testosteroni, C. jiangduensis, and Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adults
Summary
Gastrointestinal parasites are considered as the main cause of economic losses in the livestock sector. Haemonchosis is important and dominant that greatly destroys livestock production, the small ruminants [1]. This disease is caused by three species of the genus Haemonchus, namely, H. similis, H. placei, and H. contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent nematode parasites that infect the abomasum of small ruminants worldwide [2] It is commonly known as a red stomach worm, the wire worm, or the barber’s pole worm. The highly susceptible part of ruminant’s stomach to H. contortus is the abomasum, in which adult worms are present This parasite causes low production, decreased growth, lower body weight, and sometimes, cause the death of the infected host
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