Abstract
Nematicidal activity at different concentrations of fosthiazate against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) was evaluated in this paper. The mortality rates of second-stage juvenile (J2) reached 13.43, 48.39, 66.82, 79.77, and 86.35% at 12 hr after exposure to 2.18, 3.44, 5.45, 8.61, and 13.62 mg/l of fosthiazate, respectively, whereas cumulative hatching rates totaled 58.24, 53.88, 42.54, 24.11, and 13.69% at 18 days after exposure to concentrations. J2s dead by exposure to fosthiazate exhibited shrunk and twisted body shape, whose length of nematode body, stylet, and esophageal glands to head were significantly shorter than that of the control (p < 0.05). A pot test was also performed to count the numbers of cysts on soybean roots, showing reduction of 43.64–97.94% due to application of fosthiazate at 5.45, 13.62, 34.04, and 85.10 mg/l concentrations. This study demonstrated that fosthiazate exhibits increasing of J2 mortality, and reducing egg hatching and reproduction rates, which providing evidence to support the use fosthiazate in further studies against H. glycines.
Highlights
Nematicidal activity at different concentrations of fosthiazate against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) was evaluated in this paper
Fosthiazate, an organophosphorus (OP) nematicide developed by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., was registered and marketed in Japan in 1992; it is widely used for controlling Meloidogyne incognita, H. glycines, pratylenchus penetrans, as well as characterized by a marked systemic action against various species of insects and mites on the foliar part (Koyanagi et al, 1998)
Mortality of nematodes increased with the duration of exposure in different concentrations of fosthiazate (Table 1)
Summary
Nematicidal activity at different concentrations of fosthiazate against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) was evaluated in this paper. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) infection is the most serious disease affecting soybean production worldwide; this infection was reported for the first time in 1899 in Northeast China, since this nematode has been spread widely in various regions, including Asia, America, and Europe, and has become an important factor limiting soybean production globally (Wrather et al, 2001). Fosthiazate was registered in 2004 and has been identified as a viable alternative to the use of methyl bromide for the control of nematodes infesting tomato fields (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). The efficacy of fosthiazate in controlling pests on tomato (M. incognita), potato (Agriotes spp., Globodera pallida, and G. rostochiensis), peanuts (M. arenaria and Frankliniella spp.), banana (Cosmopolites sordidus, Meloidogyne spp., Hoplolaimus seinhorsti, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, and Radopholus similis), and tobacco (M. javanica, M. arenaria, and M. incognita) has been evaluated in various studies and consistently confirmed its high efficiency as well as its key role in pest control (Minton et al, 1993; Rich et al, 1994; Grove et al, 2000; Chabrier et al, 2002; Saad et al, 2011)
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