Nematicidal Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Datura metel , Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens

Abstract

The present study was aimed to screen the phytochemicals and to evaluate nematicidal activity of leaf of Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens. Phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthroquinone glycosides, saponins and triterpenes were analyzed by qualitatively in aqueous leaf extracts of Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens. The extracts were showed positive results for phytocompounds like alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins and triterpenes in leaf of Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens. The cardiac glycosides and anthroquinone glycosides were absent in all three leaf extracts. The nematicidal potential of aqueous extracts of leaf of Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens against the most devastating root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied. The leaf samples were subjected to nematicidal activity at different concentrations like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The in vitro nematicidal activity showed that the aqueous leaf extract of Brugmansia suaveolens possessed maximum mortality on second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita when compared with Datura metel and Datura innoxia. The concentrations of extract at 1.5% and 2% were found more effective against nematodes when compared to 0.5% and 1%. The mortality rate was also increased with increasing exposure time with leaf extracts. From these results, this study concluded that the nematicidal activity may be due to the presence of phytocompounds in leaf of Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Brugmansia suaveolens. This information would be useful for further characterization and purification of individual nematicidal compounds from these plants and it may also be helpful to find new bionematicidal compounds.