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Abstract
BackgroundBone is a slowly regenerating tissue influenced by various physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, under the control of growth factors. Shortening this healing time is an important and popular clinical research focus in orthopedics. Negative pressure can stimulate angiogenesis, improve blood circulation, promote granulation tissue growth and accelerate tissue wound healing. We sought to determine whether negative pressure could reduce bone healing time in a rabbit cranial defect model.MethodsFour symmetrical holes (diameter, 3.5 mm) were drilled into the skulls of 42 New Zealand white rabbits, with two holes in each parietal bone. For each rabbit, the two sides were then randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Using negative pressure suction tubes, experimental holes were treated with −50 kPa for 15 minutes, four times per day, whereas the control holes remained untreated. After 4 weeks, the negative pressure suction tubes were removed. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction computed tomography (CT), X-ray radiopacity, and two-photon absorptiometry were used to evaluate new bone formation. Histological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) staining. At weekly intervals until 6 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. A paired student’s t-test was employed to compare X-ray radiopacity and bone density measurements between the experimental and control groups.Results3D-reconstruction CT showed that new bone regeneration in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group at 4 and 6 weeks. At these time points, the experimental group presented with higher X-ray radiopacity and increased bone density (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Cartilage islands and new bone were observed by H.E staining at 2 weeks in the experimental group. By 6 weeks, the new bone had matured into lamellar bone in the experimental group. RT-PCR results showed that VEGF and BMP-2 were highly expressed in the experimental group as compared with control.ConclusionsIntermittent negative pressure can promote the regeneration of bone possibly by enhancing the expression of VEGF and BMP-2.
Highlights
Bone is a slowly regenerating tissue influenced by various physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, under the control of growth factors
We investigated the effect of intermittent negative pressure on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cells that expressed markers characteristic of osteoblasts
These results showed that intermittent negative pressure could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, upregulate the expression of bone-related genes and improve the osteogenic activity of these cells
Summary
Bone is a slowly regenerating tissue influenced by various physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, under the control of growth factors Shortening this healing time is an important and popular clinical research focus in orthopedics. We investigated the effect of intermittent negative pressure on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cells that expressed markers characteristic of osteoblasts These results showed that intermittent negative pressure could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, upregulate the expression of bone-related genes and improve the osteogenic activity of these cells. These studies established a cytological basis for the application of negative pressure technology in bone tissue repair [5,6,7]. We determined the effect of negative pressure on the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, which may provide more useful information for understanding the potential mechanism by which negative pressure influences bone formation
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