Abstract
High concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Y12 significantly inhibit the development of housefly larvae and accelerate larvae death. In this study, the dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota of housefly larvae fed different concentrations of P. aeruginosa Y12 was investigated. Compared with low-concentration P. aeruginosa diets, orally administered high-concentration P. aeruginosa diets caused higher mortality and had a greater impact on the community structure and interaction network of intestinal flora in housefly larvae. The bacterial community of the gut microbiota in housefly larvae was reconstructed in 4 days. Bacterial abundance and diversity were significantly reduced in housefly larvae fed high concentrations of P. aeruginosa. With the growth of larvae, the relative abundances of Providencia, Proteus, Myroides, Klebsiella, and Alcaligenes increased significantly in housefly larvae fed with high concentrations of P. aeruginosa, while the relative abundances of Bordetella, Enterobacter, Morganella, Ochrobactrum, Alcaligenaceae, and Empedobacter were significantly reduced. To analyze the role of the gut microorganisms played on housefly development, a total of 10 cultivable bacterial species belonging to 9 genera were isolated from the intestine of housefly larvae among which Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, and Bacillus safensis promoted the growth of larvae through feeding experiments. This study is the first to analyze the influence of high concentrations of P. aeruginosa on the gut microbiota of houseflies. Our study provides a basis for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of high concentrations of P. aeruginosa Y12 in houseflies.
Highlights
(Musca domestica) is one of the most widespread insects in the environment
The changes in the composition of the intestinal flora of housefly larvae fed different concentrations of P. aeruginosa Y12 were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, and we found that both bacterial diversity and richness in the intestine of housefly larvae fed a high concentration of P. aeruginosa Y12 were significantly reduced
Our results revealed that P. aeruginosa had an inhibitory effect on the isolated bacteria and that the growth of E. hormaechei, K. pneumoniae, A. bereziniae, P. stuartii, E. cloacae, L. fusiformis, P. vermicola, and B. safensis was arrested by P. aeruginosa (Table 3)
Summary
(Musca domestica) is one of the most widespread insects in the environment. Houseflies ingest various organic wastes and have been widely applied in environmental waste deposal areas (Raksasat et al, 2020). Larvae can be used as protein-rich feed ingredients in the field of cattle breeding, providing nutrition for the growth of farmed animals (Van Huis, 2013). The larvae of green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) have been applied in the Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Musca domestica healing of chronic wounds, called maggot therapy (Stadler, 2020). Maggot therapy enabled faster tissue growth and introduced a smaller wound surface area than traditional wound management (King, 2020). Pathogen infections would inhibit the development of housefly larvae and threatened their further applications in waste biodegradation and sustainable animal feed production (Wang et al, 2020)
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