Abstract
BackgroundAs a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. Alterations in the structure of the gut microbial community would affect larval development. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism regulating the influence of specific bacteria on the development of housefly larvae.MethodsFor this study we selected the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei, which is beneficial to the growth and development of housefly larvae, and used it as a probiotic supplement in larval feed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore the effect of E. hormaechei on the intestinal flora of housefly larvae, and plate confrontation experiments were performed to study the interaction between E. hormaechei and intestinal microorganisms.ResultsThe composition of the gut microflora of the larvae changed after the larvae were fed E. hormaechei, with the abundance of Pseudochrobactrum, Enterobacter and Vagococcus increasing and that of Klebsiella and Bacillus decreasing. Analysis of the structure and interaction of larval intestinal flora revealed that E. hormaechei inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Providencia vermicola, and promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.ConclusionsOur study has explored the influence of specific beneficial bacteria on the intestinal flora of houseflies. The results of this study reveal the important role played by specific beneficial bacteria on the development of housefly larvae and provide insight for the development of sustained biological agents for housefly control through interference of gut microbiota.Graphical abstract
Highlights
As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines
Analysis of DNA sequences and microbial diversity indices of different housefly larvae samples To further clarify the effect of feeding E. hormaechei to housefly larvae on their gut flora, we used 16S 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing technology to analyze the dynamic changes in gut flora
On the basis of 99% sequence homology, 12,532 operational taxonomic units (OTU) were detected in all samples, of which 3602, 4205 and 4725 OTUs were detected in the LB medium (Lb), Wa and E. hormaechei (Eh) groups, respectively
Summary
As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. The gut flora of insects mainly consists of bacteria, most of which are beneficial to the host, protecting the host and defending them against pathogen invasion These microorganisms are highly dependent on each other, establishing a symbiotic relationship with the host and taking part in the regulation of various life activities of the host. The microbial community the digestive tract of most insects is prominent and plays an important role in the fitness of insects with a variety of lifestyles
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