Necessity of Hearing Conservation Program in India: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a significant public health concern in India. Occupational noise exposure is prevalent in various industries and poses a significant risk to workers' hearing health. Implementing effective hearing conservation programs (HCPs) is essential for preventing and managing NIHL. This systematic review aims to assess the necessity of hearing conservation programs in India and explore their potential impact on occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest and Psynet. Studies published between 2009 to 2023 were included if they focused on hearing conservation programs, NIHL prevalence, awareness, or interventions in the Indian context. Relevant articles were selected, and their quality was assessed using with Preferred reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) Results: The initial search yielded 3102 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies highlighted the alarming prevalence of NIHL among Indian workers, particularly in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and textiles. Moreover, they emphasized the lack of awareness and inadequate implementation of hearing conservation programs across various sectors. However, a limited number of studies evaluated the effectiveness and outcomes of existing programs. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review underscore the urgent need for comprehensive hearing conservation programs in India. The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among workers indicates a significant occupational health challenge. Strengthening awareness campaigns, implementing preventive measures, such as engineering controls and personal protective equipment, and regular audiometric monitoring are crucial for reducing the burden of NIHL